Mount Bromo is active volcano and part of the Tengger
massif, in East Java, Indonesia. At 2,329 metres it is not the highest peak of
the massif, but is the most well known. The massif area is one of the most
visited tourist attractions in East Java, Indonesia. The volcano belongs to the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. The name of Bromo derived from Javanese pronunciation of Brahma,
the Hindu creator god.
Mount Bromo sits in the middle of a vast plain called the
"Sea of Sand" , a protected nature reserve since 1919. The typical
way to visit Mount Bromo is from the nearby mountain village of Cemoro Lawang.
From there it is possible to walk to the volcano in about 45 minutes, but it is
also possible to take an organised jeep tour, which includes a stop at
the viewpoint on Mount Penanjakan 2,770 m . The viewpoint on Mount Penanjakan
can also be reached on foot in about two hours. From inside the caldera, sulfur is collected by workers.
Mount Bromo
The Tengger Caldera was still active in late January 2011 ,
the activity being characterised by fluctuating ongoing eruptions. On 23
January 2011 the Indonesian Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazard
Mitigation, reported on since 19 December 2010. The largest the volcanology is
the cold. volcanic ash and incandescent material had been thrown up by eruptive
activity resulting in a heavy rain of material that fell around the crater.
Continuous eruptions on 21 January caused a thin ash fall mainly in the village
areas of Ngadirejo and Sukapura Wonokerto in Probolinggo district. The impact
of a heavy rain of volcanic ash from eruptions since 19 December 2010 resulted
in disruption of normal activities.
On 23
January 2011 an exclusion zone was recommended for communities living around
Mount Bromo. Tourists and hikers were to advised not to come within a radius of
2 km from the active crater. CVGHM stated that they expected warning signs
to be installed stating the limit radius of 2 km from the crater.
Further eruptions and the issuing of Aviation Ash advisories
on 27 January and 28 January 2011 led to concerns being raised regarding a
volcanic ash plume, reported to be drifting eastward toward the air corridors
used to access the Ngurah Rai International
Airport in Bali.
The Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre in Darwin, Australia
released several Code Red Aviation Ash Advisories pertaining to Mount Bromo ,
on 27 January. They indicated that ash was observed at altitudes up (FL180)
extending 200 nautical mi to the south east of the caldera. In other ash
advisories of that day the cloud was reported as at times having a 10 km/h
drift, both to the east, and to the south east
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